Education Process Outsourcing (EPO)
Education Process Outsourcing (EPO)
Date: Thursday, May 26, 2005 3:14 PM
JOB DESTRUCTION NEWSLETTER
by Rob Sanchez
May 26, 2005 No. 1267
President George W Bush's 'No Child Left Behind Act' mandates testing
and tutoring, but it doesn't specify where this is to take place or who
does the tutoring. Steve Pines, executive director of the Education
Industry Association, said that there is nothing implicit in NCLB to
bar overseas tutors from tapping federal funds.
All of you should know what BPO means, but now there is a new term to
learn - Education Process Outsourcing (EPO). EPO business is going to
India, and it's being funded from the $2 billion of federal bounty in
the NCLB program. In other words, kids in the U.S. are being tutored by
teachers in India, and it's paid for by United States taxpayers.
I haven't yet found a good source that totals up how much booty is
going to the Indian EPO industry, but the articles below provide some
numbers we can use for crude calculations:
Career Launcher has nearly 1,500 American students
That translates into nearly 40,000 tutoring hours.
The billing rate is $20-$30 an hour.
Indian tutors get paid $230 a month.
Approximately 20,000 American students receive this type of tutoring.
My algebra is kinda rusty but I'll give it a try:
Total tutoring hours for U.S. Students in India = (20,000 X
40,000)/1500 = 533,000
Total Cost to US Taxpayers ($20/hr billing rate) = 533,000 X 20 =
$10,066,000
Since Indians work at least 60 hour work weeks, at $230 a month they
are paid about $1 an hour, so total labor cost is about $500,000.
Total profit (not including other expenses) = $10,000,000 - $500,000
= $9,500,000
Conclusion: The U.S. is paying India over ten million dollars to tutor
our school kids for the No Child Left Behind program! The large profit
margin makes this a very lucrative business.
Nancy Van Meter of the American Federation of Teachers expressed
concern that using offshored tutors for the No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
program raises serious questions about quality control. She also raises
concerns with using federal funds to hire foreign tutors:
"We are seeing teachers being laid off given that situation,
it's hard to understand why our tax dollars are being used
to create jobs overseas," Meter says.
Articles Used for this Newsletter
http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0523/p01s01-legn.html
Need a tutor? Call India
http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?category=ED&storyID=353837&BCCode=EDU&newsdate=4/23/2005
U.S. aid finances tutors in India
http://us.rediff.com/money/2005/may/23bpo.htm
New BPO: Tutoring US schoolkids
http://www.ilcaonline.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1770
U.S. tutoring outsourced to India - Kids brush up their math with
online teachers
http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050328/news_1n28tutors.html
Outsourcing of math tutoring decried
http://www.nsba.org/site/doc_sbn_issue.asp?TRACKID=&VID=55&CID=682&DID=35967
Outsourcing hits tutoring market
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0523/p01s01-legn.html
Need a tutor? Call India.
By Anupreeta Das and Amanda Paulson
NEW DELHI AND CHICAGO - Somit Basak's tutoring style is hardly unusual.
The engineering graduate spices up lessons with games, offers rewards
for excellent performance, and tries to keep his students' interest by
linking the math formulas they struggle with to real-life examples they
can relate to.
Unlike most tutors, however, Mr. Basak lives thousands of miles away
from his students - he is a New Delhi resident who goes to work at 6
a.m. so that he can chat with American students doing their homework
around dinnertime.
Americans have slowly grown accustomed to the idea that the people who
answer their customer-service and computer-help calls may be on the
other side of the globe. Now, some students may find their tutor works
there, too.
While the industry is still relatively tiny, India's abundance of math
and engineering graduates - willing to teach from a distance for far
less money than their American counterparts - has made the country an
attractive resource for some US tutoring firms.
It's a phenomenon that some hail as a triumph of technology, a boon for
science-starved American students and the latest demonstration that
globalization is leveling the playing field, particularly when it comes
to intellectual capital. But critics worry about a lack of tutoring
standards and question how well anyone can teach over a physical and
cultural gulf. The fact that some of the outsourced tutors may be used
to fulfill the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) supplemental education
requirements - and get federal funds to do so - has been even more
controversial.
"We don't know who's tutoring the students, we don't know what their
qualifications are, and we're concerned about their familiarity with
the curriculum in the districts of the students they're tutoring," says
Nancy Van Meter, director of the Center on Accountability and
Privatization at the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Ms. Van
Meter says she's concerned about the lack of quality control for all
tutors hired under NCLB, but "the offshore tutoring raises that issue
even more dramatically than we've seen here in the States."
Still, while the AFT and others, including US Rep. George Miller (D) of
California, have been quick to pounce on the practice, its proponents
wonder why qualified teachers should be kept from helping kids, just
because they're in a foreign country.
"With this, there's an added wrinkle in the outsourcing debate, because
the beneficiaries are not just the teachers," says Francesco Lecciso, a
spokesman for BrainFuse, an online tutoring firm in New York City. "The
beneficiaries are the students who are getting the tutoring." Still,
BrainFuse has been "cautious" about outsourcing - about 50 of its 850
tutors are located overseas - because of the political questions as
well as technical challenges and concerns about culture gaps, he says.
"We would be reluctant right now to put a tutor from India with a
fourth grade student from North Carolina, for instance," says Mr.
Lecciso. On the other hand, he says, a high-schooler with specialized
science needs might benefit from such tutors, many of whom have superb
math and science backgrounds.
"In spite of all the criticism of learning by rote, the Indian teaching
system has produced some of the greatest professionals in the new world
economy," says Anirudh Phadke, an official at Career Launcher, where
Basak, the math tutor, works.
Career Launcher is one of just five Indian firms currently tutoring US
students. Some contract with American e-tutoring providers, and some
work directly with schools and students. Mr. Phadke estimates that
Indian tutors are now working with some 20,000 American students, but
he hopes the market will increase as technology improves and demand
from NCLB rises.
One big reason for the outsourcing is, of course, cost. Take Growing
Stars, a small company headquartered in Fremont, Calif., and a center
with 20 tutors in Kochi, India (all of whom start their workday at 4:30
a.m.). Lower labor costs allow the company to offer one-on-one services
for $20 an hour, significantly less than the $45 to $80 an hour charged
by big-name tutoring companies like Sylvan and Kaplan.
"My teachers are all highly educated, come from math and science
backgrounds, and have prior teaching experience. American teachers of
comparable quality would be doubly expensive," says Biju Mathew, who
started the company last year.
When San Antonio resident Johan Verzijl decided to hire an online
chemistry and math tutor for his 11th-grade son, Nick, he had no clue
at first he'd be working with someone from India. The cost of Growing
Stars attracted him - so much so that he wondered at first if it was
for real.
"When I found out it was based in India, my initial concern was -
whoa!" he says, citing worries about technical problems and language
barriers.
But he decided to give it a try, and now says his son and his two
tutors developed a good relationship after a week or so of getting used
to the tutors' accents.
Twice a week Nick sits down with a headset and a whiteboard tablet to
write upon, working through problems with the tutors over the Internet.
The tutors received copies of his textbooks so they could see the
assignments, and got information ahead of time about Nick's interests
and activities to help build a rapport. "They've bent over backwards
with us to make this work," says Mr. Verzijl.
Still, while Growing Stars works directly with families, other US
companies provide most of their services to children at failing
schools. After the school spends three years on the "needs improvement"
list, NCLB requires tutoring to be offered. The fact that tutoring
providers are allowed to hire overseas just underscores an overall lack
of oversight of the industry, say critics. They point to what they say
is a gross double standard: allowing such loose hiring practices while
prohibiting some failing districts, including Boston and Chicago, from
offering their own tutoring, even though that may mean fewer children
receive the services.
"Our members who are working with kids every day in the classrooms are,
in some cases, being told by the Department of Education, 'Your school
has been labeled in need of improvement, therefore your district can no
longer be providers,' but at the same time they're turning around and
saying we can send tax dollars overseas without knowing the
qualifications or materials that tutor is working with," says Van Meter
of the AFT.
As technology develops and the barriers to communication erode, most
agree that tutoring is likely to join the list of other jobs facing
global competition. Some hurdles remain, of course. Indian tutors
undergo training to learn an American accent and US teaching methods,
but still face some cultural gaps. And just dealing with students
online - rather than face to face - can be tough.
"Empathizing with students, motivating them, and promoting higher-level
thinking are all challenging when the student can't see the tutor but
only listens to her voice," says Swati Chopra, a finance graduate who
joined Career Launcher as a math tutor a year ago.
Her colleague Basak had to get used to another challenge of working
with US students. "I find that we tutors also need to shower a lot of
praise for the students' good work," he says, "which is very uncommon
in India."
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://timesunion.com/AspStories/story.asp?category=ED&storyID=353837&BCCode=EDU&newsdate=4/23/2005
U.S. aid finances tutors in India
Outsourcing of federally paid help for American kids draws concern
By RICK KARLIN, Staff writer
First published: Saturday, April 23, 2005
Outsourcing -- a practice that already has sent auto, steel and
high-tech jobs abroad -- is emerging as an issue in a seemingly
unlikely industry: student tutoring.
Indian companies such as Educomp Datamatics in West Delhi and Career
Launcher in New Delhi are offering Internet-based tutoring services to
American students.
Advertisement
The practice, also known as offshoring, is drawing attention in New
York, where several firms licensed by the state to tutor students in
poor-performing schools have dipped their toes in the overseas talent
pool.
The No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates testing and says the
students in low-scoring schools are entitled to extra help, provides
federal funds for such tutoring -- estimated to be a $2 billion
industry.
At least two of the companies licensed in New York, Brainfuse Online
Instruction and Tutor.com, have either hired or looked at hiring
overseas tutors.
That has prompted criticism by teachers unions and the state School
Boards Association.
"We're very concerned about that," said Maria Neira, vice president at
New York State United Teachers, the state's major teachers union. "We
think we have very good, qualified teachers here."
"It's sparked quite a bit of interest," agreed Nancy Van Meter, a
deputy director of the American Federation of Teachers, NYSUT's
national affiliate.
Van Meter said hearings are set next week in Congress about NCLB's
tutoring provisions and the offshoring issue is likely to come up then.
Part of the issue revolves around whether federally funded tutoring
jobs should stay in the United States or go overseas.
Moreover, critics say the offshoring question underscores another
concern -- what some say is the absence of federal guidelines for who
gets licensed to be an NCLB tutor. Possibly complicating the issue will
be payments to tutors. Reports indicate India-based tutors are being
paid less than $300 monthly.
"While No Child Left Behind requires highly qualified teachers in the
classroom ... the Department of Education has not made that a
requirement for SES (tutoring) providers," said Dave Ernst, spokesman
for the state School Boards Association. "That's an inconsistency."
Tutoring firms are reluctant to discuss the practice.
When contacted by the Times Union, George Cigale, chief executive
officer of the New York City-based Tutor.com, said he believed the
issue was "overblown."
He added that his firm is not currently offering tutoring under NCLB,
focusing instead on privately paid tutoring sessions and a homework
assistance service offered through public libraries. "We do not
actively use overseas tutors," added Cigale.
But in last week's Education Week, a publication that follows education
issues, Cigale is quoted as saying his company's use of off-shore
tutors allowed an expansion of hours, thanks to time zone differences
between the U.S. and foreign countries.
Brainfuse officials said they have looked at offshore tutors, although
they haven't used them for NCLB tutoring, largely because of logistical
concerns about getting reliable Internet connections with school
libraries where the students would be.
"We have some tutors from overseas, but we are approaching it with some
caution," said Francesco Lecciso, a director at Brainfuse of New York
City.
Lecciso did allow that in some cases it would be helpful to work with
Indian tutors, given the number of people there who have high-level
math skills.
Tutors in Indian cities like New Delhi or Bangalore are already helping
kids in Colorado and California over the Internet, reports said.
"That's certainly an area where there might be possibilities," Lecciso
said.
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http://us.rediff.com/money/2005/may/23bpo.htm
New BPO: Tutoring US schoolkids
PTI | May 23, 2005 | 18:21 IST
After high-tech industry, outsourcing of educational services is now a
growing business with Indian teachers tutoring American school children
at a far less cost than their US counterparts.
A large number of Indian math and engineering graduates has made the
country an attractive resource for some US tutoring firms.
"It's a phenomenon that some hail as a triumph of technology, a boon
for science-starved American students and the latest demonstration that
globalisation is levelling the playing field, particularly when it
comes to intellectual capital," the Christian Science Monitor reported.
US President George W Bush's 'No Child Left Behind Act,' which mandates
testing and says students in low-scoring schools are entitled to extra
help, provides federal funds for such tutoring -- estimated to be a $2
billion industry.
Tutors in Indian cities like New Delhi or Bangalore are already helping
kids in Colorado and California over the Internet. Some contract with
big-name US tutoring companies, such as Sylvan Online, while others
work directly with schools and students.
A New Delhi based firm, which also serves students in the Middle East,
tutors about 1,500 American students in math alone.
Although it is hard to say how many students are spending their money
on Indian tutors, a firm estimates that Indian tutors are now working
with some 20,000 American students.
One big reason for the outsourcing is, of course, cost. Growing Stars,
a Bay Area-based small company, with a center with 20 tutors in Kochi,
is able to offer one-on-one services for 20 an hour, significantly less
than the $45 to $80 an hour charged by US tutoring companies like
Sylvan and Kaplan.
Few would begrudge using public money to give struggling students extra
help, although critics worry about a lack of tutoring standards and
question how well anyone can teachover a physical and cultural gulf.
Nancy Van Meter of the American Federation of Teachers says she's
concerned about the lack of quality control for all tutors hired under
No Child Left Behind (NCLB), but "the offshore tutoring raises that
issue even more dramatically than we've seen here in the States."
But what is creating much controversy is the fact that some of the
outsourced tutors may be used to fulfill the NCLB supplemental
education requirements -- and get federal funds to do so.
"We are seeing teachers being laid off given that situation, it's hard
to understand why our tax dollars are being used to create jobs
overseas," Meter says.
The Indian tutoring companies say they are simply filling a market void
by providing after-hour services.
"My teachers are all highly educated, come from math and science
backgrounds, and have prior teaching experience. American teachers of
comparable quality would be doubly expensive," the head of one such
Indian company says.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.ilcaonline.org/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1770
U.S. tutoring outsourced to India - Kids brush up their math with
online teachers
Outsourcing / From Independent Press Association
Posted by DavidSwanson on Feb 09, 2005 - 06:44 PM
U.S. tutoring outsourced to India - Kids brush up their math with
online teachers
By George Iype, India Abroad, via IPA Voices That Must Be Heard, ILCA
Associate Member
Thrice a week Eliza Kinston, a seventh grader at a Santa Barbara school
in California, logs on to the Internet from home.
No, she does not chat with her schoolmates. Instead, Kinston listens to
math lessons by Mary Sebastian, an Indian e-teacher, located in
Bangalore. The computer screens that Kinston and Sebastian use have
digital writing pads, through which they communicate using digital
pencils.
"Many American students are duds in math. The seventh grader in the
United States does not know as much math as my fourth grade son does,"
exclaims Sebastian as she winds up her e-tutoring.
But she says Kinston loves her as a math teacher because, thanks to
her, the student is now confident of clearing her examination this
year.
Over the years, the U.S. administration has been alarmed at the
increasing failure rate of American students in schools. For instance,
a survey last year found nearly 40 percent of seventh-grade students in
America failed in math and English language examinations. Thus, Indian
teachers like Sebastian have come to the aid of American students who
are grappling with difficult subjects.
Hundreds of teachers across India are e-tutoring difficult subjects
like math, physics, chemistry, geography and even English grammar to
thousands of school students across the United States.
The neighborhood tuition teacher in India is riding the information
technology-enabled services wave, earning in the process anything
between $10 to $40 an hour.
Enter education process outsourcing (EPO). Business Process Outsourcing
may be the rage these days, but EPO is fast catching up across India,
turning the country into a brain-bank for school children, colleges and
educational institutions in the United States.
"Education being outsourced to India is becoming big business. We do
not have any hard figures but the demand from abroad, especially the
United States, is growing because of an acute dearth of good tuition
teachers there," said Shantanu Prakash, chief executive officer at
Educomp Datamatics Ltd., a leading Indian company that has tied up with
scores of schools in the United States for education outsourcing.
To get a sense of what Prakash is saying, consider this:
Every year, America needs nearly 120,000 teachers, but the availability
is restricted to only five to eight percent of that number. But it is
not easy for an Indian teacher to get a job in U.S. schools because of
stringent qualification tests. Thus emerged the concept of online
tutoring in which India has now become the prime supplier.
India has four million teachers. Nearly 500,000 of them are well
trained in computers and new technology.
But why is the American school education suddenly being outsourced to
India?
Education consultants in India say the trend began in 2002 when the
George Bush Administration passed a law called the No Child Left Behind
Act (NCLB). The law, meant to improve teaching standards and results in
schools, insisted that schools funded by the Administration would not
get state funds if they did not improve their performance. The NCLB Act
has asked all schools in the United States to meet the 100 percent
proficiency goal by 2014.
Since the Act was passed, schools that were unable to improve the
performance of their students have been depending on tuitions as the
best means to remedy the situation.
"But then another problem cropped up. America does not have enough
tuition teachers. So outsourcing of tuition lessons has become a
necessity," says Bangalore-based education consultant Srinivasa Raju.
Raju says Indian teachers are regarded as "the best across the world."
He added, "India's quality of education is good. This has helped the
country get the outsourcing contract from U.S. schools."
And how does education outsourcing work?
The student, an American, and the teacher, an Indian, log on to a web
site at a pre-determined time for a regimented course, which could be
math or English or any other subject. The teacher gives an introduction
to the student and gives him/her a problem to solve.
The technology used is VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). Along with
this, a proprietary software is used by both the teacher and the
student, with two-way voice interaction as well as a chat room (for
text messages); interaction over this software is on an electronic
whiteboard format. While it is a one-on-one [session] for the student,
the teacher usually attends to three students simultaneously on
different links. The session lasts for an hour and the student can ask
questions pertaining to the topic.
For companies like Educomp, getting and training e-teachers in India to
tutor students in the United States has been an easy task.
Satya Narayanan, chairman of Career Launcher, another leading player in
the EPO arena, said outsourcing of education from the United States is
a "big opportunity that is fast emerging."
Career Launcher is one of the leading global education companies based
in India. The company not only provides tutoring to American students,
it also provides a bouquet of education-support services such as
assessment, e-books, tests, learning systems and audiovisual education
materials.
Narayanan says India stands to gain in EPO because of its excellent
school education system, competent English-speaking teachers and
superior intellectual power compared to competitors like China, the
Philippines, Singapore and other Asia-Pacific countries.
Career Launcher has nearly 1,500 American students on its online rolls
for math tutoring alone. To teach them how to solve math problems
translates into nearly 40,000 tutoring hours.
Considering that Career Launcher charges anywhere between $20 to $30
per hour, this translates into big money.
Companies like Educomp Datamatics and Career Launcher follow different
models to get the education business. Career Launcher has tied up with
leading education service providers in the United States to outsource
the lessons online. The service providers, better known in the United
States as supplemental education service providers, are the leading
tutoring centers for major schools in America.
But the biggest problem the education service providers face is a
dearth of good teachers. So they have outsourced classes to India where
it can be done at half the cost over broadband links.
On the other hand, Educomp Datamatics has tied up directly with many
U.S. schools for tutoring. Last year, it participated in the National
Education Computing Conference in New Orleans and approached many
schools for work. The schools that Educomp caters to include the
Franklin School in Santa Barbara and Silver Oak Elementary School,
California.
Educomp has also launched a pilot school program called Smart Class to
develop content geared toward U.S. state standards for American
schools.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050328/news_1n28tutors.html
Outsourcing of math tutoring decried
NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE
March 28, 2005
The failure of some American students to master math is adding up to
big bucks for tutoring companies in India.
A little-known provision in the federal No Child Left Behind law allows
federal taxpayer dollars to flow to online tutoring services several
time zones away in places such as New Delhi and Calcutta. Those
services typically contract with U.S. tutoring companies, which provide
them the computer software and set the lesson plan.
Few would begrudge using public money to give struggling students extra
help. But some U.S. teachers decry the offering of instruction to
Indian firms that pay full-time, college-educated tutors as little as
$230 a month. They also complain that while the law requires teachers
to be fully certified, private tutors have no such requirement.
"We are seeing teachers being laid off," said Nancy Van Meter of the
American Federation of Teachers. "Given that situation, it's hard to
understand why our tax dollars are being used to create jobs overseas."
The Indian tutoring companies say they are simply filling a market void
by providing after-hours services with which some U.S. teachers don't
want to be bothered, said Anirudh Phadke, an official with New
Delhi-based Career Launcher. The firm, which also serves students in
the Middle East, tutors about 1,500 American students in math alone.
"We have a lot of good teachers over here willing to do this full
time," Phadke said during a telephone interview. "It's a good
opportunity."
Because well-known online tutoring services, such as Sylvan Online,
subcontract with firms such as Career Launcher, it's hard to say how
many students are spending their money on Indian tutors.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://www.nsba.org/site/doc_sbn_issue.asp?TRACKID=&VID=55&CID=682&DID=35967
Outsourcing hits tutoring market
By Del Stover
5/17/05 -- Youve heard of the global economy -- and its impact on
all aspects of American life. But did you ever imagine the day would
come when one of your students received after-school tutoring from a
teacher in New Delhi?
Nationwide, a growing number of students -- already in the hundreds, if
not a few thousand -- go online every week to brush up on their
academic skills with a tutor living halfway around the world.
The phenomenon shouldnt come as a total surprise. For years, U.S.
corporations have relied on cheap overseas labor to produce consumer
goods, and high-tech firms increasingly have sought India-based
engineers to write software and man technical support centers.
Now, with the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) putting significant
federal dollars into supplemental education services, tutoring has
grown into a multibillion-dollar industry. With cheap labor, a large
pool of English-speaking teachers, and improved online technology,
India sees the opportunity to jump into the U.S. market.
"The demand for quality teaching is very high, and Indian teachers are
valued highly, too, because of our strong academic backgrounds," says
Anirudh Phadke, a principal consultant with the New Delhi-based firm,
Career Launcher. "This top quality, coupled with the NCLB requirements,
are strong reasons to anticipate tremendous growth."
But Phadke says, "We have not yet approached any local school districts
because of some accreditation requirements mandated by most of them."
Although some India-based firms charge half the rate of many U.S.
companies, there are significant obstacles to overcome. Online tutoring
remains a niche market, and although tutors are fluent in English, most
companies have decided to limit instruction to math and science
courses.
Its also unclear whether many of these firms can take full advantage
of NCLBs bounty. Although there is nothing implicit in NCLB to bar
overseas tutors from tapping federal funds, the idea has sparked
resistance from teacher unions, federal lawmakers, and the tutoring
industry.
"U.S. taxpayers should not be supporting off-shore educational staff,"
says Steve Pines, executive director of the Education Industry
Association.
Yet, even Pines acknowledges such concerns are a bit premature.
At best, only a few score to a few hundred India-based tutors are
working with K-12 students, and its unclear how many -- if any --
overseas tutors have been paid with federal funds. To date, overseas
teachers work almost exclusively as private tutors.
Given the growing market just for private tutors, however, these firms
still have plenty of reason to build ties with U.S.-based tutoring
companies to outsource work overseas, industry officials say. Career
Launcher, a leader in the field, reportedly has as many as 1,500
students on its online rolls, although the company did not confirm that
estimate.
"Its still too early to expect big assignments to come to India
without the help of American companies," Phadke says.
But, as the Internet makes it possible to market directly to parents,
Career Launcher, at least, is looking hard at a strategy of selling its
services directly because "the profitability takes a big hit in the
case of outsourced deals."
Growing Stars Inc. built up its 200-student clientele through direct
marketing. While the Seattle branch works directly to sign up parents,
tutors work out of a high-tech learning center in Kochi, India.
Major selling points for the firm include affordability -- parents are
charged just $20 an hour -- and the fact that parents dont have to
drive children to a tutoring center, says company spokesperson Wayne
Burckhardt.
Students working at home online slip on a company-supplied microphone
and headset and are in instant touch with their tutors.
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